Newspaper history

 

 

 



 

IPSO: The Independent Press Standards Organisation was established on Monday 8 September 2014 following the windup of the Press Complaints Commission, which had been the main industry regulator of the press in the United Kingdom since 1990. 

Gerbner Student Task

Online news language

 

Left and Right Wing Comparison

Right Wing- Conservative

-Conservative supporters: UKIP, BNP
-Papers: Daily Mail, Telegraph
-' You earn what you work for, and you should keep what you earn'
- Survival of the fittest/richest/ best educated
-Believe in privatisation of things like health care, education etc
- Do not want a 'welfare state' , i.e.. benefits etc
- In favour of Brexit
- Anti-immigration
-Many voted against equal rights for gay people, some have 'traditional' views of women and pay
- Often tied to the Church and Christian beliefs

Left wing- Labour 

-Labour supporters: Labour Party, Green Party, Socialist Worker Party (extreme)
-Newspapers: The Guardian, Mirror
-Spread the wealth, more equality
-Taxation of the rich to pay for support for the poor
- Supports nationalisation ( public health, state education)
- Pro-europe, pro-immigration and multi-culture
- Pro-gay marriage, women rights etc
- Pro- environment and worried about climate change

OWEN JONES- '...largely run by a very small group of very right wing media moguls who defend the status quo of which they are part.If you are on the left and want to change society, the media will always come and get you'

Online and Newspaper screencast comparison

These videos include Tabloid and Broadsheet newspaper analysis through the screencast technique. They include comments as well as reasons why and how the different news stories are written.

Newspaper bias

How to spot bias in a newspapers

1. Bias through pictures/graphics- camera angles, captions. -> Shows how they are against Corbyn due to the bin having the connotations of rubbish therefore linking him to speaking rubbish.


2. Word choice and tone in the body of text. -> using words such as pledge and promise it highlights him as a trustworthy member of parliament.

3. Choice of journalist and sources- who is writing it and what are their beliefs, and who have they got their information from.  -> Known for his fiery strong opinions, Owen Jones shows bias in his work.

4. Where is the article in the paper?- is it prominent or hidden? Front page or far back? -> On the front page of the news paper however in terms of politics, bias comes in when the favourable party is positioned at the front of the appear the 'oppositional' is at the back.

5. Bias through omission or selection- whether an article is even published or not. -> sometimes valid information ie 'the truth' is left out of articles if not positive towards the party.

6. Bias by headline -> by making the leader of the 'oppositional' party look foolish by including headlines with puns and mockery.





















7. Bias by use of names and titles- ('terrorist' or 'freedom fighter'? 'ex-con' or 'someone who served a sentence a long time ago') -> Jeremy Corbyn nicknamed as 'Jezza' to appear less professional and informal



8. Bias through statistics and crowd counts ('a hundred injured in air crash' or 'only minor injuries in air crash') -> using figures puts the numbers into perspective therefore can make the parties or story appear more/ less positive.

News article analysis

MAIL ONLINE

17-11-17 Serena Williams' Wedding Article

 

 

 

Circulation and Readership of National Newspapers

5 facts about the data above...

1. The Guardian has 3 times more twitter followers than Daily Mail

2. The Daily Mail gets more facebook likes

3. The Times is the oldest newspaper out of these ones

4. The Daily Mail's print distribution is 1,054,528 more than the Daily Express

5. The top newspapers (Daily Mail, The Sun) have strong political leanings that are conveyed through the prints.  

Assessment 1 feedback

Newspaper Terminology: Codes and Conventions

Semiotic Analysis of Newspapers

Tabloid analysis: The Sun

This tabloid newspaper has hit the news values of 'unexpectedness' and 'continuity'. The headline story is 'CPS PROBE ON GREEN 'EXTREME PORN' which immediately captures the newspapers target audience as it gives them a story that will affect them and one that they would be interested in. The headline is big and bold with little writing in the bottom right corner showing how the headline is what is going to grab the readers attention. At the top of the newspaper, alongside the masthead, is a story regarding the reality TV show ' Strictly Come Dancing'. It has been positioned next to the masthead so when the customer is looking at what paper it is, they immediately see this story. The story is placed here to cater to the papers C2,D,E audience and includes a pun 'out on his Aston' showing that although the paper tackles big stories, it also has a humorous aspect to it. The sun is a left wing newspaper which is shown through he political stories they publish to influence the public. The Sun is a tabloid also know as a redtop newspaper simply for the red surrounding colour on the masthead. The colours of the main article give a denotation of being black and white however give connotations of being a much more serious article in comparison to the colourful other surrounding articles that are of a more playful style and reports 'soft news'. The use of the phrase 'extreme porn' will instantly catch C1,D,E audience due to the subject of porn being a taboo one.

Broadsheet: The Daily Telegraph
























This broadsheet newspaper has hit the news values of 'unexpectedness', 'negativity', 'elite persons' and 'continuity'. Looking at the layout of the newspaper it is clear that there is a lot of writing in comparison to the tabloid perhaps indicating the target audience as to be A,B,C1 (more intellectual people). The front page uses an 'elite person' -Donald Trump- to sell the story as anything that concerns him is in the news. The background colour in the photo gives the denotation of red and white but gives connotations of the American flag which leads to a cross-cultural story. The front cover has a few stories on it with bold subheading however have no attractiveness to attract a C1,D,E person. Above the masthead there is a 'Total Football' advertisement with the picture running into the 'T' of 'The Daily Mail' meaning advertisement is important as a person wold typically go to read the name of the paper then see the advert cutting into it therefore will then read it. The Daily Telegraph is a right wing newspaper therefore includes a vast amount of their columns in relation to politics and 'hard news'. The headline story on this particular front cover shows a 'sex scandal' amongst 'ministers'. If this was in a tabloid, the scandal would have been amongst reality stars and in a soft news format however due to it being in a tabloid, the article focus' on the politicians showing the more serious approach to reporting news.

Gatekeeping

Gatekeeping is a term which is applied to the editing and filtering process where decisions are made to let some information 'pass through' to the receiver (audience) and other information remains barred.
GALTUNG AND RUGE- News Values
In 1965 some media researchers analysed international news- findings led them to create news values

THRESHOLD- The bigger the impact and reach of the story

UNEXPECTEDNESS- an event that is a shock or out of the ordinary

NEGATIVITY- bad news is more interesting 'if it bleeds, it leads'

ELITE PERSONS/PLACES- stories about important people and powerful nations

UNAMBIGUOUS- straight forward and to the point stories

PERSONALISATION- stories that include human interest- 'real people'

PROXIMITY- stories that are closer to home are more likely to be included

CONTINUITY/CURRENCY- stories that are already in the news continue to run and be updated

Newspapers

Newspapers have been around since the 17th century

Until the 20th century, newspapers were the primary means of bringing news to the public.

Unlike news broadcasting newspapers do no have to be impartial-they are allowed to show their political bias-> Rupert Murdoch -The sun-> friends with Tony Blair so the sun supported him and the Iraq war

They are largely self-regulating. They have a regulating body- IPSO (the Independent Press Standards Organisation (2014)

Leveson Inquiry 2001- in response to allegations of phone hacking at The News of the World (amongst others) was carried out. It suggested a code of conduct and tighter controls be imposed- nothing has really happened about this
                                                                
 Popular (tabloid)
-The Sun
-The Sun on Sunday
-Daily Mirror
-Sunday Mirror
-Sunday People
-Daily Star

Mid Market

-Daily Mail

-The Mail

-London Evening Standard

-Metro

-Sunday Express

-Daily Express

   Quality( broad-sheet)

-Daily Telegraph

-Sunday Telegraph

-The Guardian

-The Observer

-The Times

-Sunday Times

-The Independent

-I

-Financial Times

Conventions of Tabloid

-Many photos, Aimed at C2,D,E, Multiple headlines-with puns and jokes, adverts, colourful, popular press

Conventions of Broadsheet



 -Large title, one large picture, subtitle, lots of text, formal language, serious articles (intellectual), aimed at A,B,C1

                                                                                           

Revive Advert

Evaluation

1) What was the task you were given and who was your target audience? As the audience wasn't typical of the product how did you manage to sell it? What was the name of your brand?
The task was designing a sports drink for over 60s. We sold it by showing an entertaining women reflecting on her youth and used upbeat song. The name of the brand was Revive and the tag line was so good which was said throughout the song.
 2) Who did you work with and how did you divide the research, planning, filming and responsibilities?
I worked with Connor, Georgia and Rachel. I filmed the majority of the running shots and Rachel did the underwater ones and dancing ones. We all planned together by making storyboards and rough plans and individually researched other adverts to see how they promoted the product. Connor was the main editor with Georgia and I editing certain parts along the way.

 3) How did you plan your sequence?
We made storyboards, picture and writing, in order to plan effectively.

4) What research and planning did you undertake?
I looked at previous sports drink adverts and analysed how they promoted their product. I made a rough drawing of a drink and annotated it to see how we could advertise it.

5) What was you initial feedback? What did others say about your production? How successful was your sequence?
Our initial feedback was that we needed to make the production more cohesive and add nature sounds. We also got told to add emphasis on the product by changing the brightness/ contrast when the drink is introduced.

 6) Identify what went well and with hindsight what you do to improve/do differently.
In hindsight I would stabilise the shots to make them flow and have the end shot clearer and put more emphasis on the drink.

 7) What have you learnt from completing this task (groups skills, communication, compromise, using your initiative, creative input, production skills, editing etc)
I have learnt that when an idea is put forward we should try it out first because it may make the production better and also when in a group compromise and communication is key in order to have a successful production.

8) Looking ahead, how will this learning be significant when completing your future productions?
Yes it will be significant because I have leant a lot about editing which will benefit me in the future and I have learnt to use my initiative in order for the production to be a successful as it can be.

Advert Remake

Evaluation

1) Who did you work with and how did you manage the task between you?
I was in a group with Josh, Connor and Molly. Connor and Molly were the main editors of the advert. 

2) How did you plan your sequence? What processes did you use?
We planned the sequence by watching the video multiple times to ensure we got the correct timings as well as writing down the script prior to filming to make sure we knew our lines in order for our advert to be the same as the original. We also did over 25 'screengrabs' of every moment the scene changed.

3) What theorists do you think you could apply to your task?

4) What factors did you have to take into account when planning, shooting and editing?
We had to take into account the timings of each of the shot in our shooting and editing to ensure the advert was the same as the original. We also had to make sure the camera angle was the same so when compared to the original advert at the bottom of the screen they would be from the same angle.

5) How successful was your sequence? Please identify what worked well and with hindsight what would you improve/do differently?
I think our sequence was relatively successful, the camera angles and dialogue was done well as well as the editing however we did not complete all the shots therefore that needed to be corrected and in a couple of scenes we weren't as serious therefore the acting could have been better to ensure the advert looked realistic. Also apart from the positioning, the location and surrounding props as well as costume were minimal and could be improved if done again. 

6) What did others say about your production?
People said it was a funny video and was quite entertaining to watch which i felt was good as that is the purpose of the original advert therefore i feel as though we succeeded in that department. 

7) What have you learnt from completing this task?
I have learnt that i need to be able to edit better as a whole so i can help my group with some of the problems we faced and concentrate more on the overall look of the advert ie. mise en scene.

8) Looking ahead, how will this learning be significant when completing your future productions?
This learning will be extremely significant as future productions will be directed and completed much more efficiently due to the strengths and weaknesses being shown therefore we now know the dos and don'ts. 

Radio Industry Emaze

Georgia radio presentation from Great Baddow High School Media

Peer Evaluation
Positives:
-Well prepared
-Interesting visuals
-Good Information
-A lot of interaction on each slide
-A lot of facts
-Well organsied

Even better if:
-More clarification on BBC Radio 1
-Small fonts was hard to read
-Less writing on each slide

Representations

Stereotypes

-Media industries use stereotypes because the audience will instantly understand them. Think of stereotypes as a 'visual shortcut'. They're repeated so often that we assume they are normal or 'true'.

Archetypes

-This is the 'ultimate' stereotype. For example, the white stiletto wearing, big busted, brainless, blonde bimbo.

Countertype

-A representation that challenges tradition stereotypical associations of groups, people or places.


Representations are created by the producers of media texts. What they choose to present to us is controlled by Gatekeepers.

Disability
Regionalism

Class
Age
Gender
Ethnicity
Sexuality

Homework: Gender (women)


Stereotypes of women are that all they can do is cook and clean, they're sex objects or lower than men. Also, women have a lot of pressure to be perfect and to look a certain way.

Below is a picture of the 50th anniversary of fairy liquid. Women have been stereotyped to do the cleaning in the household as oppose to men therefore have been put on the advert.



An advert stereotyping women as sexual objects who wear bras to appeal to men as oppose for the actual purpose of wearing a bra.

Below is a reference to the music video by Robin Thicke called Blurred Lines, the video now has an age restriction on Youtube due to its sexual nature. The video had to be taken down when first released as it had fully naked women in it, they later released a video with the women wearing clothes however still minimal. This outlines the stereotype of women being sex toys for men.


COUNTER TYPE MEDIA TEXT 

Music video expressing the strength of women and how they can be successful.

Theories

MORAL PANIC

Definition: A moral panic is a feeling of fear spread among a large number of people that some evil threatens the well-being of society. A Dictionary of Sociology defines a moral panic as "the process of arousing social concern over an issue – usually the work of moral entrepreneurs and the mass media".
Example: Isis

HYPODERMIC NEEDLE THEORY

Definition: The hypodermic needle model (also known as the hypodermic-syringe model, transmission-belt model, or magic bullet theory) is a model of communications suggesting that an intended message is directly received and wholly accepted by the receiver.                      

CULTIVATION

A theory made by George Gerbner who proposed the idea that exposure to repeated patterns of representation over long periods of time can shape and influence the way in which people perceiver the world around them. In short- the more we see the same representations and messages, the more we believe they are true.

EFFECTS

A theory made by Albert Bandura who proposed the idea that the media can implant ideas in the mind of the audience directly. The idea that audiences acquire attitudes, emotional responses and new styles of conduct through modelling. The idea that media representations of transgressive behaviour, such as violence or physical aggression, can lead to audience members to imitate those forms of behaviour. In short- if an audience sees aggressive behaviour, they are likely to mimic it.

Camera Angles Video

MISE EN SCENE

MISE EN SCENE TASKS
Meanings and emotions conveyed by the images;

 
Intense atmosphere, serious characters, what the characters are looking at is very intense-like they are trying to figure something out. Dark scene also adds to


Once again an intense atmosphere, characters appear curious and anxious, both interested in what is happening on the other end of the phone, low camera angle looking up showing how characters are potentially important.


Man in middles body language showing importance, war scene therefore contextually would be a loud, dramatic scene.

What does the positioning in the following images reveal about the characters/film?

Divide between characters shows elements of awkwardness and separation. Perhaps divorced couple, settings shows inference of counselling and body language communicates annoyance.


Axe in the middle of the shot shows emphasis and importance, indicating film based around it, perhaps of the crime/horror genre. Axe is a harsh weapon showing intensity in the film.
 
Image from men in black film, silver colours and different guns showing futuristic feel and sunglasses adds to the authority of the characters.

 Dark background puts emphasis on the main character as eyes are drawn to orange parts therefore leading us to the characters. Other characters in the shot show futuristic vibe.


Lighting

A) Brightly lit scene
B) Dark, intense lighting with use of bright spotlight
C) Natural, 'every-day' lighting
D) Bright background but dark shadowing silhouette
E) Dark background but faces lit
F) Light, natural lighting





Lamp= key light
Mirror= filler light
Window= back light
Eye drawn to lamp, lighting emulates eerie atmosphere


Lamp= key light
Person= filler light
Back light.
Two main focal points, one as lamp then second is the man


Door= key light
Above door= filler light
Behind door= back light

Hanging light on left= key light
Lamp in top right=filler light
Window/door= back light

?= key light
light out of shot=filler light
Window=back light

Bringing it all together:

The main character (Robert Downey Jr) is the focus of the shot and not top on and blood running down his face to show the intensity of the scene. The character has a serious expression on his face which also conveys the scenes intensity.


ADVERT EMAZE

Premier Practise Edit

This is my Dancing Animals/ James Bond edit. In this I explored different transitions such as cross dissolve and exponential fade to ensure the video flowed and was cohesive. The music I used in the dancing animals video was Grand Master by Will Smith, I cut the video in certain places to make sure that the music could work well with the footage given. In the james bond video, I used the 'bond new theme' as well as the Chris Cornell- you know my name which made the video intense and exciting to watch.

Audience

Reception Theory

Reception Theory- Stuart Hall

Gillette: the best a MAN can get

This is an advertisement made in 1989 promoting a mans razor made by the brand Gillette.
The advert claims that if you use this razor you will become successful, good looking, get married to the best women and have a perfect family. The dominant view would be that all of the promised claims would come true and that they have to buy the razor in order to have them. The negotiated view is that its unlikely that a razor would do what is promised but its probably a good razor so ill still buy it. The oppositional view is that the product advertised is probably awful and the viewer will never buy it.